Systematic analysis of the power structure in the political system of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) based on Nahj al-Balagha and David Easton

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 acdemic member of the university

2 Academic member of Islamic Azad University

10.22034/pht.2026.23373.1596

Abstract

Analyzing the structure of power in the political system of Imam Ali (AS) based on a systemic approach allows for the identification of key components and their interrelationships within a conceptual framework. This research, relying on the teachings of Nahjul-Balaghah and using the theoretical model of systems (based on David Easton's model), examines the structural and functional components of power in the Alawi government. The findings show that the political system of Imam Ali (AS) had characteristics such as a focus on divine leadership, meritocracy in the appointment of officials, accountability to the people, central justice in decision-making, and acceptance of social feedback. Also, the Alawi system, as a dynamic structure, has the ability to adapt to social crises and internal reform in the light of the Imam's moral guidance, and provides a useful model for analyzing political theorizing in contemporary Islamic societies.
During his caliphate, Imam Ali (a.s.) emerged not only as a religious leader but also as the architect of a structured and justice-oriented political order. Unlike previous systems that relied largely on hereditary or tribal legitimacy, the Alawi government is based on meritocracy, transparency, social justice, and institutionalized accountability. A reflection on the Imam’s speeches, letters, and sermons in Nahj al-Balagha shows that politics in his view has a systematic order and logic, not simply a collection of moral exhortations or individual decisions.

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History

  • Receive Date: 27 January 2026
  • Revise Date: 26 June 2026
  • Accept Date: 21 June 2026

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